The biology of cancer Biology Diagrams

The biology of cancer Biology Diagrams Cancer, being the most formidable ailment, has had a profound impact on the human health. The disease is primarily associated with genetic mutations that impact oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes (TSGs). Recently, growing evidence have shown that X-linked TSGs have specific role in cancer progression and metastasis as well. Mutations in proto-oncogenes, converting them into oncogenes, and mutations in tumor-suppressor genes can lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation and cancer development. This review explores key molecular pathways associated with these genes, highlighting their influence on cancer progression and treatment resistance, which are crucial for

Oncogenes and how they relate to cancer. It's helpful to understand first that an oncogene is actually the name of a mutated proto-oncogene. Proto-oncogenes are normal genes in your body that help control cells dividing, growing, and even the rate at which they die off. This balance is what keeps your body healthy and working as it should. What are oncogenes? An oncogene is a gene that may cause cancer.It's a mutated (changed) form of a normal gene, called a proto-oncogene, that manages cell growth.When proto-oncogenes mutate into oncogenes, they cause cells to grow and divide uncontrollably. Cancer results from alterations in critical regulatory genes that control cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Studies of tumor viruses revealed that specific genes (called oncogenes) are capable of inducing cell transformation, thereby providing the first insights into the molecular basis of cancer. However, the majority (approximately 80%) of human cancers are not induced by

New England Journal of Medicine Biology Diagrams

Cancer is caused by alterations in oncogenes, tumor-suppressor genes, and microRNA genes. These alterations are usually somatic events, although germ-line mutations can predispose a person to cancer-causing retroviruses Retroviral insertion can convert a proto-oncogene, integral to the control of cell division, into an oncogene, the agent responsible for transforming a healthy cell into a cancer cell. An acutely transforming retrovirus (shown at top), which produces tumors within weeks of infection, incorporates genetic material from a host cell into its own genome upon infection Proto-oncogenes are genes that normally help cells grow and divide to make new cells, or to help cells stay alive. When a the cell can start to grow out of control, which might lead to cancer. A proto-oncogene normally functions in a way much like the gas pedal on a car. It helps the cell grow and divide. An oncogene is like a gas pedal

Oncogenes that promote genomic instability are linked to a higher risk of cancer development, as cancer frequently develops from multiple gene mutations. Metabolic reprogramming is the ability of cancer cells to adapt and become more resistant to changes in the "tumor environment."

Oncogenes, Tumor Suppressor Genes, and DNA Repair Genes Biology Diagrams

"We distilled large compendia of information from millions of people diagnosed with any of the 13 most common cancer types, which constitute over 90% of all human malignancies," said Paul Khavari, MD, PhD, chair of dermatology."This enormous funnel of data allowed us to identify 380 variants that control the expression of one or more cancer-associated genes.